Geographical Characteristics of Finland
Finland, officially known as the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country located in Northern Europe. It is one of the least populous countries in Europe, with a population of around 5.5 million people. The geography of Finland is unique, with vast stretches of forests, numerous lakes, and an archipelago with over 80,000 islands.
Location and Boundaries
Finland is located in Northern Europe, bordered by Sweden to the west, Norway to the north, Russia to the east, and Estonia to the south across the Gulf of Finland. The total land area of the country is approximately 338,000 square kilometers, making it the eighth largest country in Europe.
Topography
The topography of Finland is characterized by vast stretches of forests, numerous lakes, shallow sea bays, and countless islands. Over 70% of the country is covered by forests, making Finland one of the most forested countries in the world. The country is relatively flat, with the highest point being Mount Halti, which stands at 1,324 meters above sea level.
Climate
Finland has a harsh climate, with long, cold winters and short, mild summers. The temperature varies greatly depending on the season and location. The average temperature in Helsinki, the capital city, ranges from -5°C to 19°C throughout the year.
Precipitation
Finland receives a moderate amount of precipitation, with the coastal regions experiencing more rainfall than the inland regions. The country’s annual precipitation ranges from 500mm to 800mm, with the highest amount of rainfall occurring in the southwestern part of the country.
Vegetation
The vast majority of Finland’s land area is covered by forests, primarily boreal and mixed forests. Some of the common tree species found in the country include spruces, pines, and birches. Along the coast and the archipelago, a variety of deciduous trees, such as oaks, maples, and aspens, are found.
Wildlife
Finland has a variety of wildlife, including bears, wolves, lynxes, and elk. The country is also a nesting ground for migrating birds and is home to several indigenous bird species such as capercaillie, black grouse, and Siberian jays.
FAQs
Q: What is the capital city of Finland?
A: The capital city of Finland is Helsinki.
Q: What is the population of Finland?
A: The population of Finland is around 5.5 million.
Q: What is Finland’s climate like?
A: Finland has a harsh climate, with long, cold winters and short, mild summers.
Q: What is the topography of Finland?
A: The topography of Finland is characterized by vast stretches of forests, numerous lakes, shallow sea bays, and countless islands.
Q: What wildlife can be found in Finland?
A: Finland has a variety of wildlife, including bears, wolves, lynxes, and elk. The country is also home to several indigenous bird species.
In conclusion, the geographical characteristics of Finland are unique and diverse, with vast stretches of forests, numerous lakes, and an archipelago with over 80,000 islands. Despite having a harsh climate, the country has a unique ecological balance and is home to a variety of wildlife species. The serene and picturesque landscapes of the country make it a popular destination for tourists across the globe.